Relevant Papers & Studies

The publications below highlight TRITON development, applications, and related modeling frameworks.

Key Paper for TRITON

• Morales Hernández, M., M. B. Sharif, A. J. Kalyanapu, S. K. Ghafoor, T. T. Dullo, S. Gangrade, S.-C. Kao, M. Norman, and K. J. Evans (2021). TRITON: A Multi-GPU Open Source 2D Hydrodynamic Flood Model. Environmental Modelling & Software, 141, 105034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105034

Other TRITON Related Studies

• Taysi, H., Y.-C. E. Yang, S. Gangrade, T. Chegini, S.-C. Kao, and H.-Y. Li (2025). Enhancing 2D Hydrodynamic Flood Models through Machine Learning and Urban Drainage Integration. Journal of Hydrology, 659, 133258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133258

• Gangrade, S., G. R. Ghimire, S.-C. Kao, M. Morales Hernández, A. A. Tavakoly, J. L. Gutenson, K. H. Sparrow, G. K. Darkwah, A. J. Kalyanapu, and M. L. Follum (2023). Unraveling the 2021 Central Tennessee Flood Event Using a Hierarchical Multi-Model Inundation Modeling Framework. Journal of Hydrology, 625, 130157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130157

• Dullo, T. T., S. Gangrade, M. Morales Hernández, M. B. Sharif, S.-C. Kao, A. J. Kalyanapu, S. K. Ghafoor, and K. J. Evans (2021). Simulation of Hurricane Harvey Flood Event through Coupled Hydrologic-Hydraulic Models: Challenges and Next Steps. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 14, e12716. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12716

• Dullo, T. T., S. Gangrade, M. Morales Hernández, M. B. Sharif, A. J. Kalyanapu, S.-C. Kao, S. K. Ghafoor, and M. Ashfaq (2021). Assessing Climate Change-Induced Flood Risk in the Conasauga River Watershed: An Application of Ensemble Hydrodynamic Inundation Modeling. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 21, 1739–1757. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1739-2021

• Li, X., C. Rankin, S. Gangrade, G. Zhao, K. Lander, N. Voisin, M. Shao, M. Morales Hernández, S.-C. Kao, and H. Gao (2021). Evaluating Precipitation, Streamflow, and Inundation Forecasting Skills During Extreme Weather Events: A Case Study for an Urban Watershed. Journal of Hydrology, 603, 127126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127126

• Gangrade, S., S.-C. Kao, T. T. Dullo, A. J. Kalyanapu, and B. L. Preston (2019). Ensemble-Based Flood Vulnerability Assessment for Probable Maximum Flood in a Changing Environment. Journal of Hydrology, 576, 342–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.027